BRAILLE QUR’AN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF IBN KHALDUN’S THEORY OF CIVILIZATION: A RECONSTRUCTION OF INCLUSIVE ISLAMIC EDUCATION BASED ON ‘UMRĀN

Abstract

The Braille Qur'an is an essential instrument for ensuring the right of persons with visual disabilities to obtain equal access to Qur'anic education. However, existing studies on the Braille Qur'an have generally focused on the technical aspects of teaching and learning, while giving limited attention to its significance within the broader framework of Islamic civilization. This article aims to analyze the Braille Qur'an from the perspective of Ibn Khaldun's theory of civilization and to explain its contribution to reconstructing inclusive Islamic education based on 'umrān. This study employs a library research method with a philosophical-historical approach. The primary source is al-Muqaddimah by Ibn Khaldun, supported by scholarly literature on Islamic education, inclusive education, the Braille Qur'an, and policies concerning the rights of persons with disabilities. The findings reveal that the Braille Qur'an is not merely an adaptive learning medium but also an indicator of civilizational progress that reflects equitable access to knowledge, social justice, and collective responsibility within Muslim society. From the perspective of 'umrān, the provision of the Braille Qur'an represents the implementation of the values of malakah (habitual competence), tadarruj (gradualism), 'ashabiyyah (social solidarity), and mas'uliyyah ijtima'iyyah (social responsibility) in developing an inclusive educational ecosystem. This article argues that reconstructing Islamic education based on 'umrān requires the active involvement of the state, educational institutions, and society in ensuring equal access to the Qur'an for all Muslims without discrimination. The contribution of this study lies in developing a conceptual framework that positions the Braille Qur'an as an integral component of Islamic civilization building grounded in justice and oriented toward the realization of the common good.